June 14, 2008 -- Star-Banner (FL) Legal Drugs Kill Far More Than Illegal, Florida Finds Prescription Drugs in 3 Times More Deaths Than Illicit Ones By Damien Cave, The New York Times

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MIAMI -- From "Scarface" to "Miami Vice," Florida's drug problem has been portrayed as the story of a single narcotic: cocaine. But for Floridians, prescription drugs are increasingly a far more lethal habit.

An analysis of autopsies in 2007 released this week by the Florida Medical Examiners Commission found that the rate of deaths caused by prescription drugs was three times the rate of deaths caused by illicit ones.

Law enforcement officials said that the shift toward prescription-drug abuse, which began here about eight years ago, showed no sign of letting up and that the state must do more to control it.

"You have health care providers involved, you have doctor shoppers, and then there are crimes like robbing drug shipments," said Jeff Beasley, a drug intelligence inspector for the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, which co-sponsored the study. "There is a multitude of ways to get these drugs, and that's what makes things complicated."

The report's findings track with similar studies by the federal Drug Enforcement Administration, which has found that roughly 7 million Americans are abusing prescription drugs. If accurate, that would be an increase of 80 percent in six years and more than the total abusing cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, Ecstasy and inhalants.

The Florida report analyzed 168,900 deaths statewide. Cocaine, heroin and all methamphetamines caused 989 deaths, it found, while legal opioids -- strong painkillers in brand-name drugs like Vicodin and OxyContin -- caused 2,328.

Drugs with benzodiazepine, mainly depressants like Valium and Xanax, led to 743 deaths. Alcohol was the most commonly occurring drug, appearing in the bodies of 4,179 of the dead and judged the cause of death of 466 -- fewer than cocaine ( 843 ) but more than methamphetamine ( 25 ) and marijuana ( 0 ).

The study also found that while the number of people who died with heroin in their bodies increased 14 percent in 2007, to 110, deaths related to the opioid oxycodone increased 36 percent, to 1,253.

Florida scrutinizes drug-related deaths more closely than do other states, and so there is little basis for comparison with them.

Still, the state has lagged in enforcement. Thirty-eight other states have approved prescription drug monitoring programs that track sales.

Florida lawmakers have repeatedly considered similar legislation, but privacy concerns have kept it from passing.

As a result, federal, state and local law enforcement officials say, Florida has become a source of prescription drugs that are illegally sold across the country.

"The monitoring plan is our priority effort, but that is not enough," William H. Janes, the Florida director of drug control, said in a statement accompanying the study.

He said Florida was also looking at ways to curb illegal Internet sales and to encourage doctors and pharmacists to identify potential abusers.

Some local police departments have taken a more novel approach.

In Broward County on May 31, deputies completed a "drug takeback" in which $5 Wal-Mart, CVS or Walgreens gift cards were distributed to 150 people who cleaned out their medicine cabinets and turned in unused drugs in an effort to keep them out of young people's hands.

Regional Figures

The FDLE report also broke out information on drug-related deaths in Medical Examiner District 5, which includes Marion County as well as Lake, Sumter, Levy and Hernando counties.

According to the report, the district including Marion County showed a marked improvement in cocaine-related deaths when compared to the state.

Statewide, the number of cocaine-related deaths rose from 1,702 deaths in 2004 to 2,179 in 2007, a 27.7 percent increase. Meanwhile, there was a 34.7 percent decrease in cocaine deaths in District 5, dropping from 69 in 2004 to 45 last year.

The report also stated that of the 110 deaths statewide in which heroin was found in the system, with 93 fatal doses, none occurred in District 5.

The report also looked at the increasing prevalence of prescription drug fatalities. Here are some of those statistics for District 5:

* Methadone: Of the 45 deaths in which the drug was found in the deceased's system, the amounts were considered lethal in 33 of them.

* Alprazolam: 30 deaths in which the drug was found; the amounts considered fatal in 15.

* Oxycodone: Found in 27 deaths; fatal in 19.

* Hydrocodone: Found in 18 deaths; fatal in six.

* Morphine: Found in 17 deaths; fatal in 11.

* Propoxyphene: Found in 16 deaths; fatal in five.

* Diazepam: Found in 16 deaths; fatal in four of them.

Note: Joe Callahan of the Star-Banner contributed to this report.

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